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German Citizenship Project
The German Citizenship Project encourages descendents of Germans deprived of their citizenship during the Third Reich to reclaim that citizenship without losing the citizenship of their home country.
==Depriving individuals of citizenship==
From 1933 to 1945, thousands upon thousands of Germans were deprived of their citizenship. Although mostly Jews, others also lost their claim to the rights and protections of citizenship including, for example, Communists, Socialists, members of the Social Democratic party, Conscientious Objectors, Jehovah's Witnesses and Quakers. In some cases, the deprivation of citizenship occurred specifically with the publication of an individual's name in the ''Reich Law Gazette'' (''Reichsgesetzblatt''). Most, however, lost their citizenship with the passage the Eleventh Decree to the Law on the Citizenship of the Reich of 25 November 1941. This decree not only stripped Jews of their remaining rights, but also stipulated that Jews living outside of Germany were no longer citizens. Consequently deprived of their citizenship (and their passports nullified), this effectively stranded them in place.〔 German Missions in the United States. (''Restored Citizenship.'' ) 11 August 2015 version.〕
The German government also published a list of Jews whose citizenship were annulled: Name Index of Jews Whose German Nationality was Annulled by the Nazi Regime 1935–1944. The records were created when German citizenship was revoked because of the Nuremberg Laws of 1935.〔See (''Jews Whose German Nationality was Annulled'' ), . These records are also available at NARA microfilm publication T355, 9 rolls. National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized, Record Group Number 242. National Archives, Washington D.C.〕 The laws spelled out exactly who was considered Jewish and who was allowed German citizenship and its accompanying rights. An admixture of so-called "Jewish blood" with "Aryan blood" made individuals with one quarter of more Jewish ancestry (one or more grandparents) Jewish. Individuals with less than one quarter (one grandparent) were considered first or second class ''Mischlinge'' (mixed race). The degrees are further complicated by the dates of birth, when and if parents married, and if the individual ever practiced the Jewish religion.〔Kershaw, Ian (1999). ''Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris.'' New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04671-0, pp. 550–571.〕
Deprivation of citizenship in particular applied to all individuals of Jewish or mixed Jewish–Christian descent. Nazi policies required all Germans to carry an ''Ahnenpass'' that documented a person's ancestors. The presence of a Jew or a Slavic ancestor on the ''Ahnenpass'' was enough to prevent someone from becoming a civil servant, a teacher, or a lawyer.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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